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1031 Exchange

1031 Exchange Manual

A 1031 tax-deferred exchange allows you to defer capital gains taxes on real estate bought and sold for investment purposes. Despite its tax-saving benefits, the 1031 exchange process can create issues for commercial real estate investors.

Existing buildings and sometimes vacation homes can be eligible for these transfers. The IRS code explains the properties eligible within the 1031 exchange.

In a 1031 exchange, the like-kind property exchange process must be achieved within 180 days. Further, a property must be identified within 45 days of the closing of the first. In addition, all parties must communicate with one another as to the replaced property and the relinquished property.

Also, the qualified intermediary must be put in place to help administer the proper transfer of funds. In part because they are not required to be licensed, qualified intermediaries are not always scrupulous and even those very skilled in real estate have been the victims of duplicitous dealings.

Introduction to 1031 Exchanges

A 1031 Exchange is a Powerful Tax Deferral Opportunity
The Advantages of a 1031 Exchange
The Disadvantages of a 1031 Exchange
Exchange Techniques

The Basic Rules For A 1031 Exchange

The Relinquished Property Must Be Qualifying Property
Property Which is Not Qualified
The Replacement Property Must Be Like Kind
Boot Received Will Be Taxable

The Basic Types of Exchanges

Simultaneous Exchanges
Delayed Exchanges
Reverse Exchanges
Improvement Exchanges

Delayed Exchanges - The Exchange Process And Time Clocks

The Basic Approach
The 45-Day Rule
Three-Property Rule
200% Rule
95% Rule
The 180-Day Rule

Reverse Exchanges – The Exchange Process and Time Clocks

The 180-Day Rule for Reverse Exchanges
The 45-Day Rule for Reverse Exchanges
The Five-Day Rule for Reverse Exchanges
The 180-Day Clock for Reverse Exchanges
If Tax Payer Has Not Yet Found Buyer for His Exchange Property by End of 180 Days
New Responsibilities of the Exchanged Accommodator Titleholder

The Role of the Qualified Intermediary

The Role of the Qualified Intermediary is Essential
Definition of the Qualified Intermediary
What the Qualified Intermediary Does
The Qualification Requirements

The Rules of "Boot" in a Section 1031 Exchange

Types of Boot
Boot Offset Rules and Netting
Rules Of Thumb

Seller Carrybacks and Dispositions

Basic Incompatibility with 1031 Exchanges
Possible Dispositions and Salvage of 1031 Exchange Treatment

Related Party Exchanges

The Two-Year Holding Period Requirement
Purchasing From a Related Party
Selling to a Related Party
Who are Related Parties Under the Rules

Multiple-Asset Exchanges and Personal Residences

Types of Multiple-Asset Exchanges
Exchanges or Sale of Property Including Personal Residences

Personal Property Exchanges

Types of Personal Property Exchanges
Like-Kind Rules for Personal Property

Partnership and Co-Ownership Issues

Partnership vs. Co-Ownership
Tax-Planning for Partnership Split Ups

What Is a TIC?

Tenancy In Common Syndicated Investments
Another Form of Co-Ownership of Investment Real Estate
Professional Management

What Is a Section 721 Exchange into an UPREIT?

Real Estate Investment Trusts with publicly-traded stock
How UPREITs work
UPREIT criteria

What Realtors Should Know About 1031 Exchanges

Realtors are Often the First to Recognize the Potential Benefits to a Seller
Accommodation Language in the Contract
The Exchange Addendum of the Colorado Real Estate Commission
Settlement Statements

Introduction to 1031 Exchanges

A 1031 Exchange (Tax-Deferred Exchange) Is One Of The Most Powerful Tax Deferral Strategies Remaining Available For Taxpayers. Anyone involved with advising or counseling real estate investors should know about tax-deferred exchanges, including Realtors, lawyers, accountants, financial planners, tax advisors, escrow and closing agents, and lenders. Taxpayers should never have to pay income taxes on the sale of property if they intend to reinvest the proceeds in similar or like-kind property.

The Advantage of a 1031 Exchange is the ability of a taxpayer to sell income, investment or business property and replace with like-kind replacement property without having to pay federal income taxes on the transaction. A sale of property and subsequent purchase of a replacement property doesn't work, there must be an Exchange. Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code is the basis for tax-deferred exchanges. The IRS issued "safe harbor" Regulations in 1991 which established approved procedures for exchanges under Code Section 1031. Prior to the issuance of these Regulations, exchanges were subject to challenge under examination on a variety of issues. With the issuance of the 1991 Regulations, tax-deferred exchanges became easier, affordable and safer than ever before.

The Disadvantages of a Section 1031 Exchange include a reduced basis for depreciation in the replacement property. The tax basis of replacement property is essentially the purchase price of the replacement property minus the gain which was deferred on the sale of the relinquished property as a result of the exchange. The replacement property thus includes a deferred gain that will be taxed in the future if the taxpayer cashes out of his investment.

Exchange Techniques. There is more than one way to structure a tax-deferred exchange" under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. However, the 1991 "safe harbor" Regulations established procedures which include the use of an Intermediary, direct deeding, the use of qualified escrow accounts for temporary holding of "exchange funds" and other procedures which now have the official blessing of the IRS. Therefore, it is desirable to structure exchanges so that they can be in harmony with the 1991 Regulations. As a result, exchanges commonly employ the services of an Intermediary with direct deeding.

Exchanges can also occur without the services of an Intermediary when parties to an exchange are willing to exchange deeds or if they are willing to enter into an Exchange Agreement with each other. However, two-party exchanges are rare since in the typical Section 1031 transaction, the seller of the replacement property is not the buyer of the taxpayer's relinquished property.

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The Basic Rules for a 1031 Exchange

The Relinquished Property Must Be Qualifying Property. Qualifying property is property (or equipment) held for investment purposes or used in a taxpayer's trade or business. Investmen

 

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